Katharina Reiss and Hans J. Vermeer
224 pages, 2013. ISBN 978-1-905763-95-5 (pbk), £25 (including postage and packing)
Translated by Christiane Nord
This is the first English translation of the seminal book by Katharina Reiss and Hans Vermeer, Grundlegung einer allgemeinen Translationstheorie,
first published in 1984. The first part of the book was written by
Vermeer and explains the theoretical foundations and basic principles
of skopos theory as
a general theory of translation and interpreting or ‘translational
action’, whereas the second part, penned by Katharina Reiss, seeks to
integrate her text-typological approach, first presented in 1971, as a
‘specific theory’ that focuses on those cases in which the skopos requires
equivalence of functions between the source and target texts. Almost 30
years after it first appeared, this key publication is now finally
accessible to the next generations of translation scholars.
In her translation, Christiane Nord attempts to put skopos theory
and her own concept of ‘function plus loyalty’ to the test, by
producing a comprehensible, acceptable text for a rather heterogeneous
audience of English-speaking students and scholars all over the world,
at the same time as acting as a loyal intermediary for the authors, to
whom she feels deeply indebted as a former student and colleague.
Contents
Translator’s preface
Foreword to the first edition
Foreword to the second edition
0. Introduction
0.1 Preliminary remarks
0.2 General epistemological considerations
0.3 The purpose of T&I studies
0.4 General remarks on terminology
Part I. Theoretical groundwork
1. Terminological distinctions
1.1 The need for a generic term
1.2 The advantage of neologisms
1.3 Formal distinctions
1.4 Summary 1
1.5 Other definitions
2. Of worlds and languages
2.1 Framework for a theory of translational action: an overview
2.2 The concept of ‘language’
2.3 Forms of transfer
2.4 Summary: ‘Transfer’ as a generic concept
2.5 Language and culture
2.6 What is translated?
3. Translational action as an ‘offer of information’ (functional definition)
3.1 Different translation strategies at work
3.2 Translation seen as a two-phase communication process
3.3 An ‘information’ theory of translation
3.4 In search of a consistent theory: five examples
3.5 Another short note on terminology
3.6 Translation as an IO about another IO
3.7 Types of ‘information offers’ about texts
3.8 The benefits of our theory
3.9 Translation as ‘imitatio’
4. The priority of purpose (skopos theory)
4.1 Introductory remarks
4.2 The priority of functionality
4.3 Summary
4.4 The skopos rule
4.5 The sociological rule
4.6 Phases in decision-making
4.7 Skopos hierarchies
4.8 Source-text skopos vs. target-text skopos
5. Summary of the theoretical groundwork (3, 4)
6. Some further considerations regarding the theoretical groundwork
6.1 Success and protest
6.2 Intratextual coherence
6.3 Intertextual coherence (fidelity)
6.4 Types of coherence
7. General rules for translational action
8. Taxonomy for a theory of translational action
8.1 Preliminary remarks
8.2 Models of translational action
8.3 Taxonomy
Part II. Specific theories
9. The relationship between source text and target text
10. Equivalence and adequacy
10.0 Preliminary remarks
10.1 Towards a definition of equivalence
10.2 Origin of the equivalence concept
10.3 On the fuzziness of the equivalence concept
10.4 Defining the scope of the equivalence concept
10.5 The concept of adequacy
10.6 Equivalence vs. adequacy
10.7 Equivalence as a dynamic concept
10.8 Text and textual equivalence
10.9 Equivalence criteria
10.10 Achieving textual equivalence in the translation process
10.11 The text
10.12 Hierarchies of equivalence requirements
10.13 Discussion of examples
10.14 Conclusions
11. Genre theory
11.0 Introduction
11.1 The concept of genre
11.2 Genre definition
11.3 Genre conventions and genre classes
11.4 The role of genre in the communicative event
11.5 The role of genre in the translation process
11.6 Summary
12. Text type and translation
12.0 Preliminary remarks
12.1 Text status
12.2 Text function
12.3 Text types
12.4 Hybrid forms
12.5 Identifying signals
12.6 Amplification of the typology
12.7 The relevance of text types for translation
Epilogue
Bibliography
Index of Authors
Index of Subjects
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